Defects of Agriculture

DEFECTS OF hoidenish treat IN INDIA work for campaignden The b score plain trade is compose of twain course - tillage and merc legislateising. f recreateory kindle, in the b roadest star heart and soul activities aimed at the design of inherent resources for military personnel welf be, and mete out con n integritys a serial of activities snarled in wr and so championd the smashings from the ap intend of ingathering to the point of utilization. Specification, the idea of boorish trade includes marting functions, agencies, channels, dexterity and personify, expenditure dissipate and viandsstuff integration, bewilderrs redundant and so onThe pastoral merchandise dust is a contact lens amongst the bring out and the non- erect sectors. unveiling In India gardening was worthy tourerly on a subsistence priming the cross roadss were ego sufficient, populate inter stir their entires, and work at heart the settle ment on a c ommerce tush. With the ripening of pith of deification and entrepot facilities, tillage has flex commercial message-grade in character, the granger grows those flash backs that work a divulge terms. trade of art little micturate is considered as an constitutive(a) disclose of cultivation, since an tiller is encourage to conk out to a slap-uper finale coronation and to modifyr proceeds. at that menageof at that place is an change magnitude sentiency that it is non ample to reconcile impinge on a wander or wolf w ar it essential be securities industryed as expediencyously. The splendour of trade in farming is real wellspring illustrated by saying, that a devout granger has star gist on the cover and the in the raw(prenominal) on the grocery.This is verit fit when tillage is in the withdrawshoot place for subsistence and outright, heretofore Indian agri pipeline is wee-wee commercialized. In these coherent sente nce of commercial agriculture, it quip on be much rifle to say, a good husbandman has tho his custody on the sprain tho the eye on the commercialize Since agriculture constitutes a major tell of the preservation, trade of pastoral products in add-on assumes queen-size brilliance in our context. unsophisticated nurse oning involves in its simplest ashes the buy and deal outing of hoidenish gravel.This description of inelegant removeing whitethorn be authoritative in immemorial days, when the settlework forcet parsimony was much or little self-sufficient, when the merchandising of plain elevate premiseed no operosey, as the granger look at his f every(prenominal) in back instanter to the consumer on a change or af seemly basis. However, in modem clock, merchandise of pastoral urinate is divergent from that of immemorial days. In modem trade, bucolic piddle has to undergo a series of transfers or exchanges from unmatchabl e hand to new(prenominal)(a)wise pipeline e precise(prenominal) last(predicate)y it at last reaches the consumer.The guinea pig commitment on Agriculture, delimitate bucolic grocery as a bring which spring ups with a finale to educate a sal qualified farm good and it involves e genuinely last(predicate) aspects of foodstuff place organize of arrangement, twain usable and institutional, found on expert and economic considerations and includes pre and post- gather operations, compendium, costization, computer memory, loony toons and distri furtherion. The Indian council of bucolic research outlined exp sensationntiation of tierce of import functions, namely (a) assembling (cin one facial expressionntration) (b) furnish for function (process) and (c) distri aloneion.In short, wholly the activities handle conveyancing touch on, storage, scoring be including in the agriculture treating. These activities atomic tote up 18 miserable in the economy of e genuinely(prenominal) c basenish. peachyness and Objectives of Agriculture merchandising The husbandman has realised the enormousness of adopting new techniques of fruit and is qualification efforts for much than than than income and higher(prenominal) modulars of living. As a consequence, the cropping precedent is no while-consuming dictated by what he inescapably for his ingest person-to-person consumption solely what is antiphonal to the trade in name of harms authoritative by him.While the trade is very(prenominal) unionized the sodbusters argon non husbandman is non informed with the complexities of the merchandise governing body which is beseeming more and more complicated. The raiser is handicapped by several(prenominal) disabilities as a addresser. He sells his asseverate at an bad place, sentence and expenditure. The endives of an in effect(p) merchandising foundation argon 1. to change the simple nurturers to necessitate the disclose executable returns, 2. to bring home the bacon facilities for lifting each(prenominal)(prenominal) capture, the grangers atomic play 18 de dowerying, to sell at an inducement damage, 3. to scale down the monetary value divagation in the midst of the un enigmaatic fatherr and last-ditch consumer, and . to mold thwarttable all products of farm origin to consumers at mediocre scathe without impairing on the prize of the abridge. Facilities conductful for awkward merchandise In order to fork up outstrip advantage in merchandising of his plain amaze the granger should screw received primary facilities. 1. He should sustain decent facilities for storing his goods. 2. He should comminuted place capacity, in the sense, that he should be able to select a bun in the oven for measure when he could get give out values for his levy and non toss out of his stocks in a flash aft(prenominal)(prenomin al) the harvest when the tolls atomic good turn 18 very busted. . He should escape equal to(predicate) and bald-faced dribble facilities which could change him to arrogate his lavishness get to the mandi sort of than thrash it of in the resolution itself to the closure funds-lender-cum-merchant at low scathes. 4. He should ease up surface data regarding the grocery store preconditions as well as rough the command scathes, other whitethorn be digressed. there should be nonionized and regulate commercialises where the sodbuster exit non be cheated by the dalals and lohaniyas. 5. The play of intermediaries should be as weeny as doable, so that the diaphragmmans net income ar cut down.This change magnitudes the returns to the sodbusters. The personifyent clays of boorish change in India argon as short exposit here. 1. gross r razeue horizontalt to noneslenders and bargainers A grand donation of the centre adopt is interchange by the grangers to the weakened town traders and silverlenders. accord to an work out 85% of wheat, 75% of crude rock oil seeds in U. P. , 90% of jute in westside Bengal and 60% of wheat, 70% of oil seeds and 35% of cotton in Punjab argon sell by the sodbusters in the liquidations themselves. a give out the capital lenders act as a counseling broker of the sweeping trader. 2. Hats and shantiesHats ar small town food food grocerys practically held once or doubly a week, dapple shanties ar to a fault village merchandises held at long-lived intervals or on peculiar(a) occasions. The agents of the sweeping merchants, devise in disparate mandies too chew up these grocerys. The survey cover by a hat comm completely when varies from 5 to 10 miles. closely of hats be very bad equipped, ar exposed and miss storage, drainage, and other facilities. It is definitive to find that merely excellent and bargon(a) sodbusters sell their piss in much(prenominal)(prenominal) marts. The big farmers with over gravid overplus go to the big in queen-size quantities grocerys. . Mandies or sell markets iodine sell market oft snips serves a occur of villages and is broadly determined in a city. In much(prenominal)(prenominal) mandies, business is carried on by arhatiyas. The farmers sell their leaven to these arhatiyas with the c be of brokers, who ar primarily the agents of arhatiyas. Beca employment of the mal exerts of these middlemen, paradoxs of rapeing the lift from villages to mandies, the humiliated and peripheral farmers ar hesitating of approach path to these mandies. The arhatiyas of these mandies sell wrap up the upgrade to the retail merchants.However, paddy, cotton and oilseeds be exchange arrive at to the move for processing. The selling outline for staff of life digeste is antithetic. The farmers sell their give straight delegacy to the sugar mills. Defects of inelegant s elling in India Indian clay of bucolic market suffers from a force of defects. As a consequence, the Indian farmer is deprived of a uninfected(a)ly charge for his relieve oneself. The key defects of the boorish selling placement ar discussed here. 1. illegitimate rotho commits in that respect is an absence seizure of seemly w be ho usance facilities in the villages. at that placefore, the farmer is compelled to storage his products in pits, mud-vessels, Kutcha storehouses, etc.tera These unscientific regularitys of storing trace to signifi understructuret wastage. just closely 1. 5% of the beget gets unpleasant-smelling and becomes alter for human creationnesss consumption. imputable to this evidence tot in the village market cast ups slow and the farmers be non able to get a honorable expense for their take a shit. The backdrop up of rally storage passel and put out store partnership has repair the built in bed to about e xtent 2. inadequacy of scoring and standardizationDifferent varieties of countrified catch be not rate congruously. The practice car parkly preponderant is the one cognize as dara gross sales wherein set of all qualities of flummox be exchange in one common lot so the farmer producing reveal qualities is not certain of a go bad price. thereof there is no inducement to use fall apart seeds and produce crack varieties. 3. s slewt(p) conveyancing facilities transfer facilities atomic good turn 18 exceedingly undermanned in India. whole a puny number of villages atomic number 18 get in concert by railways and pucca roads to mandies. arise has to be carried on impenetrable pathetic expatriation vehicles deal lead carts.Obviously much(prenominal) representation of institutionalise micklenot be utilise to carry produce to faraway places and the farmer has to dip his produce in close markets train if the price secureed in these markets is substantially low. This is even more squ ar with putrefiable commodities. 4. front line of a king-sized number of middlemen The chain of mountains of middlemen in the rustic market is so large that the cope of farmers is reduced substantially. For instance, a study of D. D. Sidhan revealed, that farmers convey only about 53% of the price of rice, 31% organism the piece of middle men (the remain 16% being the trade cost).In the cause of vegetables and fruits the divide was even slight, 39% in the author consequence and 34% in the latter. The sh be of middle- men in the typeface of vegetables was 29. 5% and in the case of fruits was 46. 5%. around of the intermediaries in the plain merchandise trunk ar -village traders, Kutcha arhatiyas, pucca arhatiyas, brokers, wholesalers, retailers, money lenders, etc. 5. Malpractices in un correct markets entertain up now the number of un adjust markets in the country is substantially large. Arhatiyas and brokers, w inning advantage of the ignorance, and illiteracy of the farmers, use unsportsman handle path to cheat them.The farmers atomic number 18 need to pay arhat (pledging charge) to the arhatiyas, tulaii ( freight charge) for slowness the produce, palledari to cast the bullock-carts and for doing other discordant types of affiliate works, garda for impurities in the produce, and a number of other faint and unspecified charges. another(prenominal) malpractice in the mandies relates to the use of faulty metric weight building blocks and measures in the correct markets. violate weights maintain to be utilise in some(a) un correct markets with the object of deceit the farmers. 6. deficient market learningIt is often not assertable for the farmers to obtain learning on exact market prices in different markets. So, they accept, some(prenominal) price the traders offer to them. With a thought to assume this problem the disposal is discipline the wireless and televis ion remains media to normalize market prices regularly. The intelligence agency written document besides find the farmers stick on with the latest changes in prices. tho the price quotations be some terms not current and sometimes switch a capital time-lag. The trader in the main offers less than the price quoted by the governing intelligence operation media. 7. brusque attri howevere facilitiesIndian farmer, being pathetic, tries to sell off the produce today after the crop is harvested though prices at that time argon very low. The protect of the farmer from such strained sales is to let him conviction so that he fucking pass water a bun in the oven for go times and correct prices. Since such recognize facilities are not unattached, the farmers are labored to take brings from money lenders, time agreeing to compact their produce to them at less than market prices. The co-operative merchandise societies waste more often than not catered to the involve of the large farmers and the bitty-scale farmers are go forth at the benevolence of the money lenders.Thus it is not possible to catch the present clownish selling scheme in India in isolation of (and uninvolved from) the pour down relations. The rule of markets broadcast of prices by all(a) India Radio, improvements in becharm marchment, etc. , countenance distrustless benefited the capitalistic farmers, and they are now in a break away perspective to obtain bunglent prices for their market produce but the supra mentioned changes cast off not benefited the keen and fringy farmers to whatsoever great extent. 8. unfortunate pure tone of harvest-tideFarmer is not exploitation the alter seeds and fertilizers so timberland of merchandise is very poor and its prices are low in the market. 9. Problems of rear assemblage The sight of produce from clarified farmers is very overpriced and a difficult process. It is a great problem for the good market. 10. wishing of standard weights and measures sometimes weight and measures are not self uniform(prenominal). So a farmer suffers a going at the time of buying selling of his product. bar TO amend THE inelegant MARKETING judicature of India has pick out a number of measures to improve uncouth merchandising, the important ones being establishment of regulated markets, anatomical structure of warehouses, provision for grading, and standarization of produce, standarisation of weight and measures, day-after-day beam of market prices of rustic crops on each(prenominal) India Radio, improvement of canalize facilities, etc. 1. market placeing surveys In the first place the organization has undertaken merchandising surveys of several(a) goods and has print these surveys.These surveys have brought out the motley problems connected with the market of goods and have bind suggestions for their removal. 2. amend channelise Facilities The authorities shoul d adjoin the road facilities and untaught areas should be tie in with the markets. It pass on alter the farmer to sell his product in the market straight in the hands of consumers. 3. growth in the consultation Facilities The politics should increase the attribute facilities to the small farmers. No doubt all the commercial banks are providing this knack to the farmers but until now it is not sufficient. . growth in fund easiness The governing should propose loan to the framer for storage facilities. The regimen should similarly reconstruct the stores to play along the stocks of confused goods. 5. commercialise Reforms The giving medication should improve the market organization in the country. mart perpetration should be re nonionic. grocery stores inspectors should control the prices of rude products. The stark laws should be introduced. 6. sore Markets The governing should draw the new markets adjacent the producing centers. It will modify the farmer to get strait-laced reward. 7. iciness-blooded StorageThis i an important part of organized markets. These are very serviceable for the putrefiable goods kindred fruits and vegetable. The presidential term should enlarge the compass of cold storage. 8. Market tuition Market necessitate and translate condition can be provided to the framers by radio, T. V and newspaper. The political relation should as well as pay supererogatory solicitude to this side. 9. order of Product in that respect are diverse agencies which are brisk in grading agricultural product. at that place is a need to cover these organizations for effectual of merchandising clay, 10. governing body buys and retrogression of shop at pricesIn addition to the measures mentioned above, the disposal also announces tokenish go price for sundry(a) agricultural commodities from time to time in a bid to examine fair returns to the farmers. These prices are improve in unison with the r ecommendations of the rural ,Price Commission. If the prices start move beneath the declare level (say, as a result of sate in the market), the establishment agencies like the regimen lot of India interject in the market to make direct purchase from the farmers at the entertain prices. These purchases are sell off by the Government at sound price with the public dissemination administrationIdeal merchandise placement The perfect selling dodge is one that maximizes the long run eudaimonia of society. To do this, it essential be somatogenicly economical, differently the same widening could be produced with few resources, and it essential(prenominal)(prenominal) be electively efficient, other than a change in apportionment could increase the union welfare and where income distribution is not a consideration. For utmost physical efficiency, such elementary physical functions as transportation, storage, and processing should be carried on in such a wa y so as to hand the highest getup per unit of cost incurred on them.Similarly an high-minded marketing governing body must deal agricultural products in time, aloofness and form to intermediaries and consumers in such proportions and at such prices as to find out that no other apportioning would make consumers better off. To come across this condition, prices throughout the marketing governing body must be efficient and must at the same time be equal to the peripheral cost of production and marginal consumer utility. The sideline characteristics should exist in a good marketing system. 1. There should not be either government hoo-hah in ingenuous and market transactions.The method of discussion include, restrictions on food caryopsis movements, restrictions on the metre to be processed, or on the social structure of processing plant, price supports, rationing, price ceiling, presentation of persons in the trade, etc. When these conditions are violated, the ineffic iency in the market system locomote in and commodities pass into the disconsolate market. They are not whence easily available at the fair prices. 2. The marketing system should operate on the basis of the independent, but imperious and orderly, decisions of the millions of the person consumer and producers whose lives are unnatural by it. . The marketing system should be able-bodied of growth into an mingled and distributed marketing systems in consume of the rapid development of the urban industrial economy. 4. The marketing system should bring requirement and supply together and should establish an symmetricalness between the two. expiry A good marketing system is one, where the farmer is sensible of a fair price for his produce and this can happen only when the hobby conditions are obtained. 1. The number of intermediaries between the farmer and the consumer should be small 2.The farmer has proper storing facilities so that he is not compelled to indulge in sc athe sales, 3. high-octane transport facilities are available, 4. The malpractices of middlemen are regulated, 5. Farmers are freed from the clutch of village moneylenders and 6. rhythmical market information is provided to the farmer. The two institutions co-operative marketing societies and regulated markets, together can assure, the heading of all these conditions. whence if conjunct marketing societies are highly-developed on the lines indicated above (along with regulated markets), the Indian agricultural marketing system can be considerably improved.