Death of a Salesman: The Emptiness of the American Dream :: Death of a Salesman

Any way that you state it, an American moon is a never-ending daily round of idealism. In other words, the yearning to be better than the best and to achieve perfect governmental harmony throughout society. Think about it though, if this were a possibility, wouldnt it have already occurred?The first character seen directly acknowledging the emptiness of the American dream was the overlooked Loman brother, Happy. Happy, although suffering from younger-brother syndrome and lack of fatherly attention, proved to be the unless successful family member of all the Lomans. Still, any amount of success would never be enough for him. The American dream would never be enough to exercise Happy happy. All I can do now is wait for the production manager to die. And suppose I pick up to be merchandise manager? Hes a good friend of mine, and he just built a terrific estate on Long Island. And he lived there about two months and sold it, and now hes building another one. He can t enjoy it once its finished. And I know thats just what I would do. I dont know what the hell Im workin for. Some clock I sit in my apartment- all alone. And I think of the rent Im paying. And its crazy. But then, its what I always wanted. My own apartment, a car, and toilet of women. And still, goddammit, Im lonely. It is rather ironic that the American dream that Willy strives for everyday is the very same dream Happy pushes away. Willy believes the key to life and achieving the American dream is being well liked. However, his beliefs were faulty as well as trite, as we all saw when Bernard, who wasnt very well liked, achieved the American dream. Bernard can get the best marks in school, yunderstand, but when he gets out in the business world, yunderstand, you are going to be five times ahead of himBecause the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead. Be liked and you will never want.(Willy P. 33) This is Willy and one of his more magniloquent conversations with Biff on regards to Bernard. As usual, Willys prediction was far off from the truth. Bernard grew up and got married, had 2 boys, and had his last appearance leaving to go argue a case in front of the Supreme Court.

Essay --

The relaxed focussing to consider the concept of a differentiated culture is that of a system of sub cultures that occur in the organization. A casual look at an organization tells gigantic cultural diversity in terms of distinct offices appearance of office lay out, uniforms accepted by staff groups sharing of technology style of technology, and work groups environment. Sub cultures be fruitful in numbers and turn over of cultural diversity. According to the research done by Dr. David Potter in his work Cultural Change states that the basic recipes for forming a sub culture are1.Two or more people come together for a common cause.2.They encounter problems that require solving.3.They develop solutions to solve these problems4.More people link the group.5.The groups are cultivated by the original founder or founders of the group.6.A hierarchy starts to emerge.7.A culturally specific expressive style emerges e.g. language, dress, and behaviors.8.Group values, norms and launch be haviors are developed then internalized by group members as the natural order of things.9.Rituals, routines and artifacts are manufactured by the group as it grows that insulate their values, norms and found behaviors from change.10.A cultural protocol emerges that through and through time is taken for granted by group members.11.New group members are inculcated into the group culture through mediums such as storytelling, formal inductions, professional study and practical demonstrations to name but a few.12.As the group continues to grow the established cultural themes modify into deeply held assumptions that form the cultural web of the group culture.The American philosopher and psychologist William James wrote, In every concrete individual,... ...he first priority. Children are celebrated and sheltered. Wife fulfills interior(prenominal) role. Mobility is limited. Difficulty separating work and individualised relationships. Sensitive to differences of opinion.Fears loss of f ace, especially publicly.Shuns confrontation. Where as in America/Canada Wife often fulfills dual roles and Mobility quite common. Separates work from emotions/personal relationships.Sensitivity seen as weakness. Tough business front. In case of nationalism, Mexico Very nationalistic, Proud of long history and traditions, where as American/Canada Very patriotic. Proud of American way of life. Assumes everyone shares his/her materialistic values ( Fu, Dienes, Shang, & Fu, 2013). Title and position more important than money in eyes of society in society case of Mexican where as money is main status measure and is reward for achievement in American/Canada.

William Faulkner :: essays research papers

William Faulkner was born in in the altogether Albany, Mississippi, as the oldest of four sons of Murray Charles Faulkner and Maud (Butler) Faulkner. While he was still a child, the family settled in Oxford in north-central Mississippi. Faulkner lived most of his life in the town. close to the age of 13, he began to write poetry. At the Oxford High School he played quarterback on football game team and suffered a broken nose. in the lead graduating he dropped out school and worked briefly in his grandfathers bank. After being rejected from the army because he was in addition short, Faulkner enlisted in the Royal Canadian impart Force and had basic training in Toronto. He served with the RAF in World War I, but did not jibe any action. The war was over sooner he could make his inaugural solo flight. This did not stop him afterward telling that he was shot agglomerate in France. After the war he studied literature at the University of Mississippi for a short time. He also w rote some poems and drew cartoons for the universitys wit magazine, The Scream. "I liked the cartoons better than the poetry," recalled later George W. Healy Jr., who edited the magazine. In 1920 Faulkner left the university without taking a degree. Years later he wrote in a letter, "what an dread(a) gift I had uneducated in every formal sense, without even very literate, let alone literary, companions, yet to have made the things I made."Faulkner move to New York City, where he worked as a clerk in a bookstore. Then he returned to Oxford where he supported himself as a postmaster at the University of Mississippi. Faulkner was shoot for reading on the job. He drifted to New Orleans, where Sherwood Anderson encouraged him to write fiction rather than poetry. The early works of Faulkner bear witness to his reading of Keats, Tennyson, Swinburne, and the fin-de-sicle English poetry. His first book, THE MARBLE FAUN, a collection of poems, appeared in 1924. It did not gain success. After spending some time in Paris, he published SOLDIERS PAY (1926). The allegory centered on the return of a soldier, who has been physically and psychologically disabled in WW I. It was followed by MOSQUITOES, a satirical portrait of Bohemian life, artist and intellectuals, in New Orleans.In 1929 Faulkner wrote Sartoris, the first of xv novels set in Yoknapatawpha County, a fictional region of Mississippi - actually Yoknapatawpha was Lafayette County.William Faulkner essays research papers William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, as the oldest of four sons of Murray Charles Faulkner and Maud (Butler) Faulkner. While he was still a child, the family settled in Oxford in north-central Mississippi. Faulkner lived most of his life in the town. About the age of 13, he began to write poetry. At the Oxford High School he played quarterback on football team and suffered a broken nose. Before graduating he dropped out school and worked briefly in his grandfa thers bank. After being rejected from the army because he was too short, Faulkner enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force and had basic training in Toronto. He served with the RAF in World War I, but did not see any action. The war was over before he could make his first solo flight. This did not stop him later telling that he was shot down in France. After the war he studied literature at the University of Mississippi for a short time. He also wrote some poems and drew cartoons for the universitys humor magazine, The Scream. "I liked the cartoons better than the poetry," recalled later George W. Healy Jr., who edited the magazine. In 1920 Faulkner left the university without taking a degree. Years later he wrote in a letter, "what an amazing gift I had uneducated in every formal sense, without even very literate, let alone literary, companions, yet to have made the things I made."Faulkner moved to New York City, where he worked as a clerk in a bookstore. Then he re turned to Oxford where he supported himself as a postmaster at the University of Mississippi. Faulkner was fired for reading on the job. He drifted to New Orleans, where Sherwood Anderson encouraged him to write fiction rather than poetry. The early works of Faulkner bear witness to his reading of Keats, Tennyson, Swinburne, and the fin-de-sicle English poetry. His first book, THE MARBLE FAUN, a collection of poems, appeared in 1924. It did not gain success. After spending some time in Paris, he published SOLDIERS PAY (1926). The novel centered on the return of a soldier, who has been physically and psychologically disabled in WW I. It was followed by MOSQUITOES, a satirical portrait of Bohemian life, artist and intellectuals, in New Orleans.In 1929 Faulkner wrote Sartoris, the first of fifteen novels set in Yoknapatawpha County, a fictional region of Mississippi - actually Yoknapatawpha was Lafayette County.

The Bank of New York and its History Essay -- essays papers

The rely of bare-ass York and its History On February 23, 1784, a small advertisement appeared in The raw(a) York Packet, ace of the many another(prenominal) virgin York newspapers of that era. This advertisement announced that prominent New York citizens had established a bank. The bank, established by the prominent, would not officially open for business until June 9, 1784. That bank would take after to be whopn as the bank of New York. black lovage Hamilton, a well-known New York attorney, was asked to write the constitution of the new bank. He complied and therefore Alexander Hamilton was credited with the founding of the Bank of New York. The Bank of New York is the oldest bank in New York and a commodious with that is one of the oldest banks in the world since banking the way we know it today began in the 18th century. Alexander Hamilton later went on to become the Secretary of the Treasury in President George Washingtons first cabinet. In 1789, Hamilton nego tiated the first loan obtained by the new Democratic government. The amount of the loan was $200,000, and was issued by The Bank of New York. Hence, not only is the Bank of New York one of the oldest banks in the world, but it is also a historic one because it was the first bank in the United States to issue a loan. Adding to that historic feeling, when the New York dividing line Exchange was created in 1792, the first stock traded was the Bank of New Yorks stock. The Bank of New York played a major role in the economic growth in the New York metropolitan area. The Bank was also involved with the growth of transportation. The construction of the Morris Canal in New Jersey and the Erie Canal in New York were partially funded by the Bank, which also provided financing to the steamboat companies that benefited from these waterways. Through investments in nearly every railroad and utility, as well as in the construction of the New York City subway system, the Bank of New York c ontinued to provide vital capital to the expanding American economy. However, far more emphasis was given to conservative practices and retaining the authorisation of our customers. That policy enabled the bank to survive the economic turmoil of the early twentieth century. Throughout its 200-year history, the Bank of New York has been involved in many mergers and acquisitions. Through mergers with the New York Life Insurance & Trust Company, The... ... to service our current needs. It is also important that they are committed to the ongoing investment in technology required to bring through the securities, cash and investment management support services we require. The Bank of New York is a well-established pecuniary institution that has outlasted numerous financial hardships, including the Great Depression. It has a long history of providing excellent services to its customers. In the present day, The Bank of New York continues to live up to that reputation by offering i ts customers a variety of financial services. The future can only get better for the Bank of New York. With the technological era in total swing, the Bank of New York is taking full advantage by specializing in technological securities. In conclusion, The Bank if New York is a historical financial institution that played an important role in the economic growth of the United States. No other bank can say that it has done as much for the United States as has done the Bank of New York. Bibliography1. http//www.gwdg.de/ifbg/bank_2.html2. http//www.bankofny.com/about/ahst.htm3. http//www.bankofny.com/util/usgx.htm4. www.bankofny.com

Hybrid Vehicles Vs. Electric Vehicles Essay -- null

In this day and age, our land is being consumed by the rapid evolution of the worlds universe of discourse. From the beginnings of time with cave men thousands of years ago up until the Industrial Revolution, the number of people living on this major planet neer passed a billion, and was always growing at a slow pace. When the Industrial Revolution hit the population skyrocketed to over 7 billion people. The growth of population has not slowed down since then, and more technological advances are popping up everyday to help balance the rapid growth. The amount of people in the world is literally growing each and every day. As the population grows we put more demands on our planet to bequeath for the billions and billions of people inhabiting it. The world cannot change to provide for these large populations and huge demands, so we must start being more efficient to sustain ourselves. This means doing everything we can from producing food more efficiently to mining materials in a smarter and better way. If we are not able to make simple changes to become more efficient we will over use our planets resources and create drastic issues in the future. One way people have been trying to cut back and be more efficient is through and through a recent technological development in the car industry. New vehicles have been created with more efficient uses of earths resources such as ultra-low dismissal vehicles (ULEV) like hybrids, and zero emission vehicles (ZEV) like hydrogen fuel cell electrics. Major breakthroughs and development of these new generation of vehicles has immensely grown in the ancient twenty years. When the internal combustion engine was invented, there were a lot fewer people inhabiting the earth, oil supplies were seemingly endless, and air quality wa... ...p., 9 Apr. 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2014Buchanan, Mike. $20 Million Investment To Create More Cost Effective EV Battery. Inside EVs. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2014.Donald L. Anglin, Electric vehicle, in AccessScience, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008, http//www.accessscience.comEnergy.gov. Vehicle Technologies Office. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.Gilles, Tom. intercrossed Vehicles. Automotive Service. 4rd ed. Clifton Park Delmar Cengage Learning, 2008. Print.Providence Journal Environment Reporter Peter Lord, 60, Dies Service Set.ReNewable Now April 2012. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.Robert Farrington, Jeffrey Gonder, Hybrid automotive power systems, in AccessScience, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008Sharifi, Jim. Auto Repair Costs Are on the Rise. Best Cars, Best Trucks and Best SUVs from U.S. News. U.S. News, 9 Apr. 2013. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.

Hybrid Vehicles Vs. Electric Vehicles Essay -- null

In this day and age, our world is being consumed by the rapid growth of the worlds population. From the beginnings of time with cave men thousands of years past up until the industrial Revolution, the number of race living on this planet never passed a billion, and was always growing at a slow pace. When the Industrial Revolution hit the population skyrocketed to over 7 billion people. The growth of population has not slowed down since then, and more technological advances are popping up everyday to help balance the rapid growth. The amount of people in the world is literally growing each and every day. As the population grows we target more demands on our planet to provide for the billions and billions of people inhabiting it. The world cannot change to provide for these large populations and huge demands, so we must start being more efficient to sustain ourselves. This means doing everything we can from producing food more efficiently to mining materials in a smarter and better way. If we are not able to cook simple changes to become more efficient we will over use our planets resources and create drastic issues in the future. One way people have been trying to cut back and be more efficient is through a recent technological development in the car industry. refreshing vehicles have been created with more efficient uses of earths resources such as ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEV) like hybrids, and zero emission vehicles (ZEV) like hydrogen fuel cubicle electrics. Major breakthroughs and development of these new generation of vehicles has immensely grown in the past twenty years. When the internal combustion engine was invented, there were a crowd fewer people inhabiting the earth, oil supplies were seemingly endless, and air quality wa... ...p., 9 Apr. 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2014Buchanan, Mike. $20 Million Investment To Create More Cost legal EV Battery. Inside EVs. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2014.Donald L. Anglin, Electric vehicle, in AccessScience, McGraw -Hill Companies, 2008, http//www.accessscience.comEnergy.gov. Vehicle Technologies Office. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.Gilles, Tom. Hybrid Vehicles. Automotive Service. 4rd ed. Clifton Park Delmar Cengage Learning, 2008. Print.Providence Journal Environment Reporter scape Lord, 60, Dies Service Set.ReNewable Now April 2012. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.Robert Farrington, Jeffrey Gonder, Hybrid automotive power systems, in AccessScience, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008Sharifi, Jim. Auto Repair Costs Are on the Rise. better Cars, Best Trucks and Best SUVs from U.S. News. U.S. News, 9 Apr. 2013. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.

Providian Trust: Tradition and Technology Essay

Business Context/Key Business Drivers* Providian Trust was headquartered in New York. In 1994 it was the tenth largest provider of financial and fiduciary services through its network of 216 branches. * The company has 3 divisions, Pension and Institutional Trust Services, Personal Trust and Trust operations * The companys lending productsincluding residential and commercial mortgages and consumer and corporate loans. * The Company slowly slipped away from profitability and competition due to the lack of efficient assembly line processes and information technology.* Michael LeBlanc the Senior VP of Trust, Investment and Treasury took the initiative to handle the project and address the problems faced by Providian Trust. Le Blanc was required to not just mechanism the innovative technology but also improving Providian Trusts business processes by implementing Access Plus, a study software system authentic by Select One. * With a budgeted cost of $18 million and lead- quantify of 20 months the board finally approved the project in April 1994. * The Key Drivers behind this new initiative was intense client demand on the part of PITS division. Low operational efficiency outdated reporting systems, lack of control and discipline in the trust division only made the case stronger.Initiative Objectives/Benefits* Increase Control and Discipline-* PITS and Personal Trust Employees (front office) and Trust Operations Employees (back office) constantly blamed separately other in case of any fault. The New centralized system is supposed to increase accountability, improve transparency and force discipline across divisions. * As mentioned in the case the clients had to wait for 2 to 3 months to get a statement. To decrease the cycle time and improve operational efficiency was a major objective. * Sometimes due to inaccurate or late statements Providianhad to waive or discount fees, which some times cost the company between $2 $5 Million. * The total expected saving b y implementing these changes was supposed to be inline with $9.2 million every year.Initiative challenges* Most of Providian trust officers had 20-30 years of experience in managing client relationships at a personal level and had never used or touched a personal computer. The old school employees were extremely reluctant and tolerant to change. The implementation of these changes required employees to become more sales and service oriented instead just answering and responding to client phone calls. * Internal Auditor incision Storey was a strong critique of the whole process. * Todd Benari, the vice president of Trust Operations, headed the project management team of 15 representatives formed Le Blanc. Le Blanc had no project management experience himself so he relied heavily on his very inexperienced project management.ResultsI believe even though the reasoning behind the project is very strong and praiseworthy, and my understanding of the case, I am skeptical about the possibl e success of the initiative. * Lack of proper lead because of LeBlanc inexperience in project management and Le Blanc seems to be the only person driving the project. A major reason I observed was metro of staff to changes. The Human Resources poor management and awful timing did not help the cause. The decision to reduce the full time staff by 25% or 180 employees further sent a wrong signal and the resistance to change was employees way of expressing concern and emotions.* Lack of proper time and quality management has created unexpected roadblocks and hurdles. The Simulations Work Environment (SWE) testing was originally planned to check the effectiveness of the new tool. The un hard-nosed initial deadlines, SWE testing never got introduced and LeBlanc was not feeling comfortable enough. His concerns were validated since the main users where mostly technologically handicapped. Due to lack of sufficient testing it is next to impossible to understand the effectiveness problem th at they may face in the future after implementation and also to know what kind of training is required by the employees to accept and get the change. LeBlanc Admitsto being bull headed and does not listen or take into considerations and ignored concerns of PITS and Personal Trust officers.Relevance and analysisRelevance * I would like to take up the points discussed and mentioned above- * Clear Channels of Communication, communicate the changes (via the CEO) to all employees, then identify and address the reasons for resistance. * Get employees involved in the reengineering process and participate in the process and formulate the need to do so? * Have realistic and achievable timelines Compile a detailed project plan. Divide the project into small milestones and set realistic deadlines against each milestone. Keep track of actual progress vs. planned progress on a regular basis. Implement strict internal and external analyze process to ensure quality is not compromised for the sake of meeting deadlines.Learnings-We face organizational changes in real-life. Some of these changes can be very drastic. We as managers may have an IT background or may not have an IT background. The success of the project does not always depend on our knowledge of the change, in our case the IT infrastructure update it depends on a managers project management skills. There ability to track and maintain time, cost, human resource management and talk skills. .

United Way

The beginning of join elan was in 1887 by a Denver woman, a priest, cardinal ministers, and a rabbi because of these individuals recognizing the need for cooperative action to address their citys welfargon problems ( united Way, 2012). As the years went by the organization was kickoff to become much larger than anyone could imagine.Today United Way is a non-profit organization that financial aids individuals and families within the United States and international helping to improve education, promote healthy lives, and help individuals to achieve financial stability (United Way, 2012). The United Way organization is beneficial and truly a must in the areas that it services and police squad C go out outline how important United Way is to building culture and the community. Organizational StructureA social organization depends entirely on the organizations objective and the strategy the organizations are trying to achieve. The organizational structure determines the manner and extent to which roles, power, responsibilities the organization delegates, control, and coordinates, and how information flows between levels of management (Businessdictionary. com, 2012). One would consider United Way to have a matrix structure. This structure consists of both functional and divisional structures. Functional structure is set up by grouping the organization according to purpose.The divisional structure is a large organization that operates in a wide geographic area or can have smaller organizations to cover different image service areas. The United Way organizational structure consists of many layers of management and employees who will execute numerous functions. As a result, United Way will have board of directors that can include eight or more individuals. The board of directors consists of two presidents one who is the chief executive officer, and the other is the president of United Way U.S. A. , three different vice presidents, three executive vice presidents , four senior vice presidents, and four chief employees. The top of United Way chain will be the chief executive officer who manages the organization. Under the chief executive officer are the vice president, department managers, and employees. The structure of United Way gives the organization clear guidelines for how the organization should proceed. The members will bind together giving meaning and identity to the people and the group.

People often complain about life in the U.S. Essay

People complain when approximately of their needs ar not met. The irony of it lies when complaints are just piled up without any gain ground insights on how to solve such(prenominal) problems. In the coherent run, complaints become a bump of the lifestyle of people who are good at pointing at the loopholes most especially of the government, and of the leadership. As there would eer be a reason for every action that is dvirtuoso, and for every result that is produced, man is also by character never contented. Furthermore, the will to seek for the best is always an intention to knead life worth living.Power, fame, and mvirtuosoy tops the priority of why people claim the option of fulfilling their daily agenda from dusk til dawn. Although, with the exception of the few who does their work for the common peoples welfare and interest. It may also be considered a selfish ambition to seek good only for ones self advantage and leave or ignore former(a)s behind while they clamber fo r the well being of everyone. From birth, the very basics of life are taught following instructions, and that it is in the individuals prerogative to obey, and afterwards reap the consequences of such actions.On the other hand, citizens do have their obligations and responsibilities. From simple instructions of following the rules and regulations or by becoming a law abiding citizen then, at least one is a big step ahead of fulfilling his obligations and responsibilities. Other concerns such as the payment of taxes for which some would dare not to are obligations that are intentionally forgotten. These are just simple, and few to mention that when exhaustn for granted are enough reasons for making a citizens life fluctuate.Self-examination is important and should be carried in the first head bursting in dismay the various injustices committed by the government and by the leaders or officials. For whatever reasons people complain about life in the U. S. is according to their own g eneralization and judgement on whatever situation or experiences they are basing it. On the other hand, a patriot will quickly and passionately criticize his government when it is evil, corrupt, and infamous and that refusing to do so is considered treason.It is the duty of every citizen to criticize, censure and scourge the political fiends that pretend to serve the universe when those nefarious brutes serve only tyranny, greed, hatred, and prejudice. In addition, complaints may have been germinated and nurtured from the compost heap of tyranny, imperialism, and international widespread liberal acts of butchery, despotism, and horror. The exposure of such a regime and its trading operations has become a primary duty of citizens who still believe in the Rule of Law and in the freedoms, which a country is supposed to represent.On the other hand, as a citizen who loves his country, his nation or his homeland, such complaints should be put aside and instead take part in the reforms that are taking place and be a part of whatever changes that will occur. For what would one gain complaining against the government it only leads to further chaos and destruction that would later strike the stability of a country. Instead, an action of commitment is necessary for a change.Citizens cannot be required to take part in the political process, and they are free to present their dissatisfaction by not participating. However, without the lifeblood of citizens action, there can be no hope of making life much separate. Teamwork is at its best when everyone participates in the fulfillment of such goals and objectives. For this reason, citizens play a very major role in the development of a country or a nation. Their actions speak louder when joined in one voice for the rehabilitation and development of their country.Most a lot, people are only joined on an aftermath, citing the 9/11 as an example. World leaders were hear on radio and seen on television joining against te rrorism as manhoodwide threat to political-economic progress of every state or nation. Citizens therefore, should not take their responsibilities only as an option but as a mandate for which they should put into action and make commitments. US enjoy a government whereby the despotic power lies in the body of citizens who are entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them.In which case, election of public officials is the most visible and common form of partnership for which people could exercise their genuinity as citizens. However, there are problems faced by the electorate before and during election that would stop or make them have a act thought in casting their votes. Thus, the agenda of making life better by taking part in the election is at stake. Needless to say, as a citizen who loves his country, taking part on a crucial endeavor is worth an honor for standing on such beliefs and life principles taking part for the better.In other areas, opportun ities in which to participate to be able to have a part in the development and rehabilitation of a country and make it a better place to live is to take advantage of joining a host of private organizations, associations, and volunteer groups. For which many of these are concerned with issues of public policy and pay close attention to public opinion, making every effort to widen their base of support as they seek simultaneously to fix the public and influence government policies.The right of individuals to associate freely and to organize themselves into different sorts of nongovernmental groups is fundamental in shaping a better society, a better environment. When people of common interest band together, their voices can be heard and their chances of influencing the political debate increases. As there are no perfect leaders and perfect government that provides and meets the demands and expectations of its citizens, there are the advantages of opportunities vested upon the people to exercise their civil rights whenever it is necessary and while maintaining public order and countering attempts that ignites violence.Every circumstance that an individual faces day-after-day is a part of the spices of life that one should face courageously. That with his body, mind, and his character, should consider it as strengths for further growth and development. To make life better entails a long go for of patience and humility from which one could invest and influence others to follow. History records of people who have done it, and were able to successfully pursue their agendas after a long historic battle.Furthermore, citizens have the option of either to criticize and act, or to criticize and watch how complaints get piled and returns like a boomerang that backfires. It takes time, effort and most often investing money to make a goal successful. However in the long run, it pays an action for a legacy worthy for future generations. As the world advances, and so do the expectations of every individual, of every citizen. In addition, as government leaders occupy government offices from time to time, new agenda are always sought. Accordingly, to the best interest of the peopleWhosoever leads, citizens action makes a difference when joined with a common goal to make life better. REFERENCES Felkins, Leon. How to Avoid Wasting Your voter turnout. The Election. 26 May 1996. 19 http//www. spectacle. org/1096/felkins. hypertext mark-up language Kettenhofen, Colleen. Difficult People Dealing with Difficult People 101. Beyond Better Communications. 19 March 2007 http//www. livingbeyondbetter. com/difficult101. html Politics, Economicsc, and Pluralism. USINFO. STATE. GOV. 19 March 2007 http//usinfo. state. gov/products/pubs/whatsdem/whatdm8. htm

Appeals Compare and Contrast Essay Essay

In William Shakespeares Rendition of Julius Caesar death, the character Brutus must persuade the audition into believing his murder of Caesar was justified. To be sure that he is imprinted as a heroine for saving the roman empire he makes Mark Anthony go, knowing that the earshot pass on believe him for he was Caesars best friend.Brutus makes sure that he implies him as a good guy by giving him restrictions on what he could and could not say, tho ultimately Brutus fails with his plan for he did not listen to Anthonys speech which was one of his most grave mistakes, and Anthony wins everyplace the audience while Brutus is forced to break away from the roman empire. In Brutuss speech he enlightened the audience through his use of logos by demonstrating the true sense of capability they would imbibe faced if Caesar would have continued as a tyrannical ruler as he says would u had Caesar were living, and die slaves.Brutus stressed the oppressing future and eventual last of the ro man empire as long as Caesar had remained in power, hence his reasoning behind his actions. As Brutus using pathos to persuade the audience as he says who here is so vile that will not love his country Brutus expresses his feelings for the empire and how he cares trying to make the audience feel the irritating for thinking that his killing of Caesar was a betrayal to the empire.The Biggest flaw was that his speech was too short he never really explained the crimes or tyranny that Caesar had committed and that would finally be his downfall. As mark Anthony approaches the audience he had to find a way to oblige to Brutuss rules of not aspect anything negative of him. He announces to the audience using logos by expressing his sadness for Caesars death, as he speaks he quotes the conspirators as honorable men as he repeated the quote over and over the audience began to rally up and shout, the more he said it the more the audience realized how Brutus lied to them.Anthony had shown the audience of the Brutuss betrayal without saying he wasnt a honorable man. As Anthony says He Caesar hath brought many captives home to Rome whose ransoms did the general coffers fill showing that Caesar had cared for the city trying to process wealth to the empire, but then Anthony says but Caesar is ambitious making the audience praise more for Caesar for he had brought wealth to the empire. Anthony shows the audience of Brutuss act of craze which ultimately gave Anthony the audience and the upper hand.Anthony showed Brutus as a hero as brutus wanted, but brutus did not expect Brutus fails of his plans to make the audience belive caesars death was justified, Anthony shows the audience in anthonys words, that he was telling the truth from his sadness and tone, while Brutus was failed as he only said a few words and left Anthony all by himself. Ultimately making the audience team up with Anthony, as Brutus flees the empire.

U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate And Oil Price

Both U.S. Dollar transpose stride and the rock petroleum colour pecuniary valuate are foremost variables which shove the patterned advance of the universe economic system. Fluctuations in these variables deeply affect international trade and economic activities in wholly the states. Determination of the nexus amidst these carmine variables is one of the critical issues, whether they are correlated or non. Is at that dress any a posteriori rationality on the nexus amidst the variables?In this literature, I initiate by appraising all theoretical grounds that could clarify the relationship in the midst of U.S. Dollar alter rate and cover fiscal set. To get down with, as vegetable crude oil color financial valuate and oil trade is denominated in United State s Dollars, motions in the rough-and-ready convince rate of U.S. Dollar impact the monetary range of oil as alleged by all states outside United States. Therefore, fluctuation in the vaulting horse superve ne upon rate can arouse alterations in submit and bring home the bacon of oil, which cause alterations in the oil monetary nurture. Second, the opposite tendency can besides be strand, i.e. , oil monetary value fluctuation trigger alterations in level-headed exchange rate. The ground can be found in the literatures on the effectual exchange rates. In the theoretical account proposed by Farquee ( 1995 ) , if a state stocks foreign assets, its effectual exchange rate appreciates and this motion occurs without hindering its legitimate history balances. This is due to the ground that capital income absorbs the loss in trade grosss induced by the shake offd fight. Change in oil monetary value affects all the universe instabilities and this induced alteration in international assets may hold an impact on effectual exchange rates of different states of the universe. Last but non the least, I take aggregation of different portfolio theoretical accounts, most significantly the 1s by Golub ( 1983 ) and Krugman ( 1983a ) which are developed to account for trade and fiscal interactions much(prenominal) as assistance and grants amongst United States, oil manufacturer states and the remainder of the universe particularly Europe.The comprehensive discipline of theoretical and empirical interactions between the two cardinal variables opens the manner for every possible nexus between the two variables either negative, positive and in both waies of causality. If there are some theoretical grounds for every possible nexus, so one has to be stronger than others. Therefore, the inquiry is to unknot the alternate theoretical account by facing to the tuitions.I hence, conduct an empirical survey of the relationship between dollar mark existent effectual exchange rate and the oil monetary determine over the extent straddling from 2007 to till twenty-four hours of the month. Prime focal point is on the long term relationship between these two vital variables. Among the possible account reviewed, the one affecting the counterweight exchange rate is the exclusive account which fit the found relationship. The possible continuance of a long-run relationship between the dollar effectual exchange rate and oil monetary value assume causality between these variables. Earlier surveies interpret a causality way from oil monetary values to the U.S. dollar ( Amano and van Norden, 1995 among others ) . However, there are some statements which justify opposite way of causality i.e. , from U.S dollar to the oil monetary value. In this literature, I study the two types of causality and seek to measure the resulting of the relationship which determines the tendency of motion.The effectual dollar exchange rate has significant impact on the demand and supply of oil since it had influence on the monetary value of oil. The depreciation in the dollar reduces the monetary value of oil in the local markets of the states holding their some(prenominal) currencies under drifting exchange rate like Japan or Euro Zone. The states which have pegged their currency with the dollar have impersonal affect such as China. Generally, a lessening in the dollar exchange rate reduces the oil monetary value in the local markets of the consumer states. The lessening in monetary value of oil finally increments the demand for oil monetary value. This can be stated that dollar depreciation has positive impact on demand for oil and this rundown demand contributes towards the rise in the monetary value of the oil.Oil companies use local currencies of manufacturer currencies to pay the fiscal liabilities and current fiscal duties such as rewards, revenue enhancements and other runing cost. These currencies are frequently linked or pegged to the dollar due to the fact that they fall in fixed-exchange rate governments adopted by most manufacturer states ( Frankel, 2003 ) . The alterations in monetary value of oil due to the alteration in the dollar exchange rate is le ss as estimated by the manufacturer states than estimated by the demander or consumer states. Necessary boring activities are linked straight to the oil monetary value. When oil monetary value addition, oil toil besides addition by the manufacturer states to gain extra net incomes. This fact has been proved by different empirical surveies in states like newton America, Latin American and Middle East. But this fact has non been proved true for African and European states. It is of import to that the relationship between boring activities and oil monetary value in dollars has well changed since 1999. But it is difficult to happen that whether this alteration occur due to the debut of Euro currency in 1999 or due to the settle in oil monetary value in 1998.Depreciation in the dollar monetary value novices rising prices ensuing decrease in the income of oil manufacturer states, the currencies which are pegged to the dollar. All the states are non affected in the say manner, states wh ich mostly import from USA like OPEC is less affected than states than states which imports from Europe or Asia. Overall, depreciation in the dollar monetary value may cut down the supply of oil.On the hapless tally, supply is less or elderly elastic to the monetary value in upward and downward way. The upward infirm flexibleness is due to the production restraint and the downward flexibleness is weak due to really little fringy cost. Demand is besides inelastic in the short tally due to the deficiency of replacements available in the short tally ( Carnot and Hagege, 2004 ) . In short, demand and supply of oil in short is about inelastic in the short tally. Noticeable alterations in the supply and demand are chiefly discernible on the long term period. At this phase supply is more elastic due to the capableness of new place and demand is more elastic due to the handiness of close replacements.By and large, a dollar effectual exchange rate depreciation cause an addition in the de mand and supply of the oil significantly merely in the long tally, which tends to increase oil monetary value. The early old ages of 2000 s period are an first-class illustration of this mechanism. Hagege and Carnot ( 2004 ) underlined that the addition in oil monetary values stems from two coincident factors on the one manus, incorrect appraisal of intense demand for oil from United States and China. On the other manus, decreasing investing in the oil sector causes stagnancy in the capacity sweetening of oil supply. If this mechanism of demand and supply can right explicate the state of affairs of 2000s so this mechanism is unable to account for the relationship found in different empirical surveies.There are several groundss and grounds to believe that oil monetary value could impact dollar effectual exchange rate. more or less frequent account of this impact that oil bring forthing states prefer fiscal investing in dollars ( Amano & A van Norden, 1993 & A 1995 ) . This model, explains that a haste in the oil monetary value boot the wealth of the oil manufacturer states which in bend addition the demand for dollar. Another account of this impact of oil monetary value on exchange rate can be found in the theoretical accounts such as Farguee ( 1995 ) and BEER theoretical account proposed by McDonald and Clark ( 1998 ) . In this attack, two independent variables are often used for explicating the exchange rate i.e. , net foreign investing and the footings of trade. A speedy initial conclude leads to a negative relation between oil monetary value and the dollar exchange rate. Addition in oil monetary value should deteriorate the United States footings of trade which consequences in the dollar monetary value depreciation. A more comprehensive account would let explicating the positive relationship normally found in the literature by taking in history the comparative consequence on the United States compared to its trade spouses. If United States is an of imp ort oil importer, an oil monetary value addition can deteriorate its state of affairs, nevertheless, if US import less than some other states like Japan or Euro zone, its place may good better compared to the other states. In this state of affairs, addition in the oil monetary value would take to the grasp in the dollar monetary value comparatively to the hankering and the euro, finally it leads to grasp in effectual footings in dollar.In an attack proposed by Krugman ( 1983a ) uses a vivacious residuum of model to pattern how manufacturer states use the gross of their oil exports in dollars. Change in demand for dollar will impact the dollar exchange rate. The proposed theoretical account can be expressed mathematically asTen = CYWhere Ten = Oil monetary value denominated in dollarY = Effective exchange rate of dollarC = Correlation Co-efficientThis theoretical accounts help to find the correlativity between the oil monetary value and the effectual dollar exchange rate, either it is positive, negative or impersonal. This theoretical account besides explains the short term and long term impact of oil monetary value on the effectual exchange rate of the dollar and frailty versa.This empirical survey use monthly informations of oil monetary value denominated in the U.S dollar. Oil monetary values are expressed in existent footings and the exchange rate of dollar is effectual exchange rate. This survey tests the hypothesis at 5 % degree of significance. Hypothesis to be well-tried is as followsHo = There is a no correlativity between the oil monetary value and effectual exchange rate of dollarH1 = There is a correlativity between the two variables.Ho = There is a negative correlativity between the two variablesH1 = There is positive correlativity between the oil monetary value and effectual exchange rateAbove hypothesis are tested by Spearman rank correlativity utilizing SPSS, renowned statistical package. info for this variable is collected through different beginnings such as Central Bank of Germany, Data Stream and Economagic which maintain the monthly norm informations of oil monetary value, effectual exchange rate and international gold monetary values. Sample size is of 42 values from each class. Oil monetary values and gold monetary values are denominated in the US dollar. Apparent observation of the natural information indicates the positive relation between oil monetary value and effectual dollar exchange rate.TestingThe testing of the hypothesis is done through SPSS v.16. Econometric technique of Spearman Rank Correlation is applied as it locomote in the categorization of non-parametric trial.The consequences of econometric analysis shows that there is a medium positive correlativity between the oil monetary value and effectual exchange rate of dollar as co-efficient of correlativity is 0.316 which means that 1 dollar or 1 part addition in oil monetary value will increase 0.316 % in the effectual dollar exchange rate. The oi l monetary values show more variableness as compared to the exchange rate. The in writing(p) recordical display of the original information is as followsGraphic Presentation of Oil Price and Exchange RateAbove graph shows a general positive tendency between the two variables over the period crossing from January 2007 to October 2010. The graph besides reveals greater variableness in the oil monetary value and less in the exchange rate. The variables are assigned as OP referred to oil monetary value and ER referred to effectual exchange rate of US dollar.The tabulated consequences show that there is a somewhat negative correlativity between the oil monetary value and gold rate. If oil monetary value addition by 1 % gold monetary value will diminish by 0.05 per centum under the influence of oil monetary value. The graphical presentation of the original values of oil monetary value and gold rate are as followsThe tabulated consequences show that there is little positive correlativity between the gold rate and the oil monetary value which means that 1 % addition in the exchange rate gives 0.085 % addition in the gold rate. The graphical presentation of the original informations of gilded monetary value and the exchange rate is followsDecisionIn this literature, I have tried to happen the nexus between the US dollar effectual exchange rate and existent oil monetary values. Overall this survey focal point on merely the US dollar effectual exchange rate and existent oil monetary values but subsequently one other critical factor besides included in the theoretical account which helps to happen the corresponding dealingss between the variables. This survey shows that there is a important relation between the existent oil monetary values and the effectual exchange rate. In the short tally, consequences may be reverse but in the long tally consequences are in support of preliminary surveies, which concluded that there is positive relationship between the exchange rate and the effectual dollar exchange rate.The fluctuation in the oil monetary value is far more intense than the fluctuation in the oil monetary value. This phenomenon is evident through the tested results and the besides in the graphical presentation. The adjustment hurrying of effectual exchange rate is less than the oil monetary value. Results besides reveal that addition in the oil monetary value will increase the net foreign assets of the United States of America. The states whose currency is pegged to the US dollar will endure less with the addition in the oil monetary value and those states who falls in the floating exchange rate is affected more.The consequences besides reveals the of import fact, which is that the United States of America is basking the benefits of low monetary value and cheapest oil based cleverness over the period of more than half century as oil monetary value is denominated and traded worldwide in the US dollar. The addition in the oil monetary value wi ll increase the demand for more US dollars to purchase the same quantum of oil and this increased demand will impact the exchange rate of the state with regard to the US dollar and this addition the import measure of the several consumer states and the manufacturer states will bask the benefits of more wealth.

Big city or small town Essay

Good afternoon everyone. Today Id like to say something about big city and scummy towns citizenry. It sounds charming to see to it stars at night, to plant fruits in the garden, or to picnic on the lawn, rural aliveness distinguished itself in being closer to nature. But truth to be told, living close to nature also means that there will be plenty of animals and insects visiting your home and vegetation. Surely Fish is more given to enjoy itself in marine environment instead of being stuck in a secondary pond. So are humans. City born and city bred, the shut up life of country has never appealed to me and I fancy the adventurous and splendid life of city. To begin with, living in a big city foundation enjoy the best services and entertainment as well as more opportunities. In a megalopolis, the government and wealthy nation have invested a lot of capital and resources in providing people with fabulous facilities, services and infrastructure like big cinemas, theatres, stadiu ms, big shopping malls, the best medical services, good education resources, uncountable restaurants, physical composition parks, museums, convenient transport systems, etc, resulting in more job opportunities and choices. These are all rarely found in undersize towns as most of them are rigid in suburbs where population density is low and transportation is poor, so it will be very boring and inconvenient to live in a small town. In addition, living in a metropolis can broaden your horizons. With a very dense population, big cities such as New York concur a diverse realm of ideas and innovations, as well as different high valued cultural activities and lifestyles. There are uncountable things to do, thousands of all sorts of unique or strange or interesting people to meet, and numerous places to visit every day, and much more opportunities to explore various cultures and knowledge.On the other hand, a small town has a strong homogeneity, in which all people in the town share sim ilar ideas and attitudes, so what people in a small town can experience and learn is limited to the town what you can know are only the ideas of your neighbors, who you can meet are only the people from the same town, where you can go are only the areas nearby Only in the big city can people satisfy their curiosity of the external world, their thirst for knowledge and their eagerness of gaining differentexperiences.Last but not least, a big city is vibrant while a small town is comparatively boring. In small towns, people usually live a stable, slow and simple lifestyle, which consists of very little changes in everyday life. However, in a big city, citizens live and work at a fast pace. People in big cities can therefore enjoy a more exciting, glamorous and productive life. Although a hurrying lifestyle may cause great pressure to the people involved, the invigorating life it brings about is very attractive. Although some people may argue that small towns have less pollution and a re close to nature. Life there seems delightful but it will absolutely be very dull for youngsters like us to repeat the same simple and relax living style day and night. I embrace challenges and new things more, so despite the concentrated pollution and distance from the natural world, I still fancy the life in a big city. All in all, the life of a city dweller is more adventurous and splendid, while the life in small towns is rather simple and plain. Hence, small towns may be a good choice for retired, but not energetic university students like us. Thank you very much

Dreamliner: Time, Budget and Project Performance Analysis Essay

1 Introduction.1.1 In developing the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Boeing executive vigilances initial decisions and make management strategies did not control the four major measurements of project success time, budget, performance and client acceptance (Pinto, 2013, pp. 35,36). This report analyses the methodology and project management decisions that led to a project crisis and risk to Boeings reputation.2 Boeing history.2.1 Boeing Aircraft Corporation, with a heritage of aircraft programme, manufacture and manufacturing, dates back to July 1916 (Boeing, 2004). Recent aircraft including 737, 747, 767, and 777 are all designed, assembled and arrest by Boeing (Boeing, 2014). 2.2 Boeing commercial aircraft division is a self-made aircraft manufacturing company with a proud history of in-house design and manufacture (Boeing, 2014).3 New aircraft requirement.3.1 Competition from Airbus, with its plus in market share through the 1990s to market share leader in 2003 (Hoiness, 2006), led Boeing to decide that a mid-sized, long range aircraft was indispensable for current and emerging markets. Boeing committed to a new aircraft line, the 787 Dreamliner (Hoiness, 2006). A significant technology advance to carbon fibre composite fuselage and wing construction with bear upon engine technology would aim to reduce fuel burn by 20%, and would provide a better operational experience for airlines and their customers (Boeing Aircraft Corporation, 2014).4 Outsourcing and damage overruns.4.1 Boeing outsourced approximately 70% of development and production toother companies in an attempt to reduce development time and costs (Denning, 2013).4.2 Early project management decisions to move away from the Boeing model of in-house design and manufacture (Boeing, 2014), to a model of out-sourcing large subassemblies and component sections to around fifty floor 1 partners (Boeing Company, 2013), would prove disastrous in estimating development costs (Ostrower & Lublin, 2013). Boein gs reliance on Tier 1 companies to complete assembly integration, control Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers and play problems in design aspects, led to cost and schedule overruns (Denning, 2013).4.3 Initial budget estimates from Boeing set the 787 costs at about $5 billion (USD). Ostrower stated Barclays dandy conservatively estimates the program ended up costing around $14 billion (USD), not including the penalties Boeing has had to pay customers for late deliveries (Ostrower & Lublin, 2013) and aircraft cancellations (Bloomburg News, 2012).4.4 The financial evidence suggests that Boeing and the 787 project management team did not fully translate the complexities of out-sourcing (Goatham, 2014). In a January 2011 speech at Seattle University, Albaugh is quoted as having said We spent a lot more gold in trying to recover than we ever would hire spent if wed tried to keep the key technologies closer to home (Calleam Consulting Ltd, 2013).5 Project leadership5.1 The Boeing Leadership project team did not understand the complexity of the Tier structure (Tang & Zimmerman, 2009). In adopting the Tier assembly approach the leadership team should have used logistics and supply chain management specialists (Denning, 2013).5.2 Implementation of management strategies to cope with component suppliers is paramount. In a Boeing publication Hart-Smith recognised the risks in out-sourcing and assembly without sufficient design control. He stated that in order to minimize potential problems, it is necessary for the Prime contractor to provide on-site, quality management, supplier-management, and sometimes technical support (Hart-Smith, 2001).5.3 The project leadership team failed to ensure each supplier received adequate design information to implement its part of the project (Tang & Zimmerman, 2009). This demonstrated they did not provide effective leadership nor sufficient communication (Pinto, 2013, p. 133).6 Design control6.1 Without fully understanding the complexities or difficulties in introducing a new design, and without a developed set of requirements and detailed design control, project difficulties and delays are inevitable (Denning, 2013). Other companies, for example the Toyota Motor Company, use out-sourcing successfully to trusted companies with a senior high degree of product design control as a method to reduce costs in production (Denning, 2013).6.2 The Boeing model adopted was to spread the design and development to suppliers on a global scale with costs met by suppliers (Ostrower & Lublin, 2013). A strategy such as this should have been tightly controlled from the outset. Without this control, difficulties in assembly and ill-fitting parts requiring redesign added to the delays experienced by the project (Denning, 2013), with hundreds of Boeing engineers sent to various companies to solve technical problems (Tang & Zimmerman, 2009).7 Communication and Cultural Risk.7.1 Boeing management opted to control Tier 1 and Tier 2 integrat ors and their suppliers using a computer web based system, Exostar (Denning, 2013). This system intended to provide supply chain and logistics visibility and truly time monitoring to control process, development, time and cost. Due to cultural differences and trust issues with this system, accurate and timely information was not entered by integrators and suppliers (Denning, 2013).7.2 A Failure to understand the cultural differences with international companies and suppliers, by both integrators and Boeing management, provides evidence that the project did not adequately consider organizational culture or fully understand its set up (Pinto, 2013, p. 79).7.3 If Boeing had relied on their own tribal knowledge culture, rather than outsourcing to other organizations, the cultural and communication risks would have been reduced (Reuters, 2011).8 Stakeholder management.8.1 Knowledge of stakeholder capability, strengths, and behaviours should be part of successful project management (Pin to, 2013, p. 58). Boeings leadership failed to appreciate that Tier 1 integrators did not have thecapability to control the supplier nor the supply chain (Tang & Zimmerman, 2009).9 Conclusion.9.1 Boeings decision to outsource the design and manufacture of the Dreamliner, along with the introduction of new technology, led to lengthy project delays and additional expenses (Ostrower & Lublin, 2013). Poor communication from the Boeing leadership team, along with cultural misunderstandings, led some key suppliers to mistrust the control systems. Cost overruns, schedule delays and supply chain issues all led to this project weakness to meet established goals within estimated parameters of cost, schedule, and quality (Pinto, 2013). 9.2 Modified management strategies were implemented to correct design flaws, provide technical and quality systems support at great cost (Denning, 2013). These actions have contributed to a project turnaround with increased orders (Boeing, 2014).BibliographyBl oomburg News. (2012, 08 23). Daily Herald Bussiness. Retrieved 03 16, 2014, from dailyherald.com http//www.dailyherald.com/article/20120823/business/708239912 Boeing. (2004). The Boeing Log Book 1881-1919. Retrieved 03 18, 2014, from History http//www.boeing.com/boeing/history/chronology/chron01.page Boeing. (2014). Boeing moneymaking(prenominal) Planes. Retrieved abut 8, 2014, from http//www.boeing.com/boeing/commercial/products.page Boeing Aircraft Corporation. (2014). Boeing 787 Dreamliner Provides New Sollutions for Airlines, Passangers. Retrieved 03 15, 2014, from Boeing http//www.boeing.com/boeing/commercial/787family/background.page Boeing Company. (2013). 787 Whos Building the 787 Dreamliner. Retrieved 03 16, 2014, from New Airplane http//www.newairplane.com/787/whos_building/ Calleam Consulting Ltd. (2013, 02 3). Boeing Commercial Aeroplanes. Retrieved 03 22, 2014, from Why Projects Fail http//calleam.com/WTPF/?p=4617 Denning, S. (2013). What Went Wrong At Boeing? Retriev ed March 8, 2014, from Emerald insight http//www.emeraldinsight.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/journals.htm?articleid=17086954 Goatham, R. (2014). Why Projects Fail Boeing Commercial

Healthy Grief Essay

Grieving is a natural fibre of life. Everyone grieves at some point in their lives, whether its the outrage of a belove 1st pet fish or a loss of a love ones life, everyone grieves distinguishablely and everyone requires different approaches during the grieving process. This paper allow describe the various inquirys of regret and what to expect with each set. This paper will also compare and contrast the grieving process as defined by Kubler-Ross, the story of mull over while incorporating the Catholic religion. The interaction between joy and the Kubler-Ross model will also be described.In the book of profession, Job is presented as a wealthy, righteous man living somewhere between 2000-1000 B.C. Job suddenly experiences the loss of his family, his possessions, and his health. Job relies on his friends to provide him with comfort. Each stage of regret according to Kubler-Ross is seen within the story of Job. The first stage, denial, is noticed when Job denies the sever ity of his medical condition. Jobs anger, which is the guerrilla stage of grief, is expressed in 711-15 Therefore I will not keep silent I will speak out in the anguish of my spirit, I will complain in the impertinence of my soul. When Job had well-educated of the death of his 10 children, he tore his clothes and shaved his head in anger.The third stage of grief, which is also known as the rafting stage, is expressed when Job starts to bargain with God in 933-34 If only there were someone to arbitrate between us, to lay his bowl over upon us both, someone to remove Gods rod from me, so that his terror would frighten me no more(prenominal). Depression, which is the fourth stage of grief is apparent in 1018 Why thusly did you bring me out of the womb? I wish I had died before any eye saying me. Job wishes that he had neer have been born so he wouldnt have to assume the grief and loss which he is experiencing. Acceptance, which is the final stage of grief, is reached aft(pre nominal) Job stated in (1315) though he slay me, yet will I hope in him. This versus is a very muscular versus as it is a reminder to be kind and helpful to others although others whitethorn notdemonstrate these actions.The Kulber-Ross theory of grief, designed in 1969 by Elisabeth Kubler is most commonly known as the five stages of grief. The five stages of grief represent the stages that on experiences while undergoing grief or similar life events. Ross created this model is describe the stages of grief for volume undergoing terminal illness however, this model can be used for various forms of significant loss such as divorce, loss of job, natural disaster, or loss of a loved one.The first stage describes a temporary state of disbelief called denial. During the denial stage, an individual shuts out actuality and denies anything bad is really happening. The second stage of grief is called bargaining. Bargaining is when an individual realizes that the denial cannot continue and b egins to come to terms with reality. The person may become anger and question why is this happening. People may become angry with themselves, loved one, or others. The third stage is of grief is the bargaining stage. During this stage, patients tip to wish that they can postpone or tick their illness or death.People display their spirituality in great detail during this phase. They beg for a higher power to undo their loss and make things better again. Its during the fourth stage that patients tend to feel depressed about their impending situation. The person begins to disconnect himself/herself of life, love, and affection. Most grieving occurs during this stage after the person realizes that their demise is becoming more inevitable. The last and final stage of grief is known as the acceptance stage. It is during this stage that the person has come to terms with their prognosis and feel as if they can reengage in their daily lives again.People of the Catholic religion, much like most people incorporate the five stages of grief into their lives unnoticeably in times of tragedy. Catholics also experience the most painful form of life, which is losing a loved one. Catholics deny the event, they become angry, they attempt to bargain, they feel depressed, and over time, they learn to accept. Much like Job is thousands and thousands of eld ago.My own personal way to grieving is probably much different than the average person. When a loved one dies, I feel sad, but I do not display sadness nor do I cry. Instead, I celebrate them. I celebrate their life and encourage others to do the same. You would have never of guessed I had just lost my Mom when she passed away a few years ago. Instead of stand the five stages of grief, I bypass the first four stages and fell into the acceptance stage. I accepted that she was in any case sick to be here on Earth and her passing was actually a beautiful significance at which I no longer saw the pain and struggle in her eyes. I am confident that she felt a sense of relief as well.After researching the stages of grief, the writer of this paper is more aware of the process that is needed to people to spirituality be able to heal after a significant event. During the grief process, people experience many emotions, which is clearly defined in the five stages of grief. To get laid that Job encountered grief many, many years ago in the exact same way people do now in modern age is reassuring and comforting. Upon completing research of grief, the information learned has not changed by view of grief however it has made me more aware of the various ship canal that people react to grief.

Feasibility of putting up vegan restaurant Essay

INTRODUCTIONThis chapter presents the business profile and general description of vegan restaurants, which unhorse under the consumer foodservice industry. This chapter includes the background of the breeding, rationale of the piece of work, objective of the carry, scope and limitation, significance of the study, enquiry methodology, research design, and topical anesthetice of the study, entropy fabrication tool, data gathering procedure and the definition of terms.1.1 Background of the studyVegan was termed in England in 1944 by Donald Watson which means non-dairy Vegetarian. It opposed the use of eggs as a food. Later, the definition of vegan was extended and it means that firearm should live without exploiting animals. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganism.)Caf is an establishment that focuses on serving coffee. It may refer to an informal restaurant, offering a localise of hot meals and made-to- clubhouse sandwiches. Caf is a French word which means coffee. (http//en.wi kipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9.) People give extra importance when it comes to health. One of its reasons is the sudden existence of many diseases that threatens the lives of the people. Obviously, when we talk about health, it always entails a healthy diet. take Veget opens and returns is the best thing we know how to prevent such life ominous diseases because of its vitamins and mineral content with the absence seizure of bad cholesterol. According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a report issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of health and Human Services, a vegetarian diet is associated with lower levels of obesity and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.There argon varieties of restaurants registered here in General Santos metropolis and most of the foods offered in these restaurants are meat and animal products. To call for a variation and since in that respect is a rapid growth of health and beauty conscious people, the research ers cypher to provide an exceptional and accommodative vegan restaurant with caf for the people who need a place for chatting, to fall in minutes and other personal activities. With its extraordinary structure and location, food lovers especially vegetarians might find it a steady-going place to unwind, socialize and experience eating in a vegan way with a Pinoy touch.This proposed vegan restaurant bequeath be the first vegetarian restaurant in General Santos City. Since it is vegan, it serves vegetable cuisine and plant products like beverages from fruit extracts and pasta with the recipe culture of Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Italian that serves as the asset from the competitors. It also has a caf that could make an edge among other restaurant. The place is a Wi-Fi hot spot and a Zen style ambiance which makes customers feel relaxed while eating or staying inside. Special room for conference meetings and other events is also offered.1.2 instruction of the ProblemThe resear chers testament aim to determine the feasibility of putting up a vegan restaurant in San Miguel Street, General Santos City. Specifically, this study has the following objectivesa) To present the business descriptions of the existing restaurants in terms of theira.1) products and servicesa.2) study players in the industrya.3) capacity of the industrya.4) key success factorsa.5) the marketa.6) the government roleb) To gestate a structural analysis of Vegan Restaurant with caf in General Santos Cityb.1) Threats of Potential Entrantsb.2) Threats of Substitutesb.3) Bargaining forcefulness of the suppliersb.4) Bargaining power of the customersb.5) Competition in the Industryc) To determine the feasibility of putting up a vegan restaurant with caf in General Santos City considering the following aspectc.1) Management and organizationalc.2) Marketingc.3) technical foulc.4) Financial1.3 Specific ObjectivesThis refers to the specific objectives of this study which leave alone comprise o f the management organization, the technical production, the marketing aspect, the m peerlesstary study, and the social significance.1.3.1 Management and OrganizationThis aspect includes the form of business organization, organizational structure, personal qualifications, duties, and responsibilities and personnel lucre structure.1.3.2 Technical and ProductionIt deals with the equipment and facilities needed in the vegan restaurant and its operation. It also deals with the architectural design of the restaurant.1.3.3 Marketing tantrumIt focuses on the trends, the competition, target market and the size of the market. Also it presents the design and implementation of the marketing activities of the vegan restaurant.1.3.4 Financial use upIt determines the operating cash requirements, cash flow, the financial statements and the financial analysis and also, it provides the viability of the project.1.3.5 Social SignificanceIt focuses on the repair of the society and the economy.1.4 Significance of the StudyThe business Greens N Coffee vegan restaurant is socially real since it would create income, development, additional leisure, and improvement and therefore, progress. Basically, vegan restaurant is an income generating activity, for the exchange of output of money, since any businesses concern is profitability. The following beneficiaries of the study were identified by the researchers To the public, that they mayappreciate the health benefits that willing be offered by the vegan restaurant. To the Generals who are desire for employment, they may be able to find jobs in which they can generate income to support them in their occasional lives.To the future restaurant owners who are planning to put up a vegan restaurant, that they may be able to have a new perspective on the design and strategies essential to the effectiveness, stability and productivity of the business. To the local Government of General Santos City, for they can obtain taxes and other i ncome from this business that they can use once the study is proven feasible To the future researchers, they may be able to use this as their reference for future studies regarding on vegan restaurants.1.5 Scope and LimitationThis study aims to determine the feasibility of putting up a vegan restaurant with caf in San Miguel Street, General Santos City. The respondents of this study will only be limited to the restaurants in General Santos City. This study discusses the management and organization aspects, technical and production aspects, marketing aspects, financial study aspects and social significance aspects of the industry.This research study will be conducted in the months of July to September 2011 within the locality of General Santos City. The researchers will hold 4 players of the restaurant industry registered at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) of the city. The researchers will be interviewing 4 managers or supervisors from the said members of the restaurant i ndustry.1.5 Research Design and MethodologyThis refers to the research method, the respondents of the study, the locale of the study, the research means that will be used for this study, and the data gathering procedure.1.6.1 Research MethodIn this study, a descriptive method of research will be used which will deal with information that can be easily understood, while the process of this goes beyond mere gathering and tabulation of data. It involves the elements of interpretation of the meaning or significance of what is described. See figure 1 for the research flow.1.6.2 RespondentsThe respondents of this study are the managers, and assistant managers of the Grab A Crab Restaurant, Ranchero Restaurant, Taps N Mix, and Dimsum Diner in General Santos City.1.6.3 Locale of the StudyThis business will be located at San Miguel Street, Lagao, General Santos City. The city is the southernmost port city of the Republic of the Philippines. It is one of the most populous urban centres in th e country with a population of 530,129 as per data of 2007 nosecount (http//www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html). GenSan is bounded by municipalities of Sarangani Province namely Alabel in the East of the city, and Maasim in the South. General Santos City is a component of province South Cotabato.1.6.4 Research InstrumentThe researchers will be using a uncomplicated and a secondary instrument as a research tool in order to acquire information from the respondents. An interview guide will be used as the primary instrument. The sources of the primary data are the managers, supervisors or representatives of the restaurant in General Santos City. The interview guide which will be used to gather data from the members of the industry consists of questions regarding the management and organizational, technical, marketing and financial aspects of the restaurant industry. This type of gathering tool will most probably benefit this study. Along with this, observation will also be u sed to collect further information which will be helpful in conducting the study. The secondary tools that the researchers will apply are the library resources, internet data, periodicals, published and unpublished materials.1.6.5 Data Gathering ProcedureThe researchers will make preliminary visitations to the location of the four (4) major players of the restaurant industry. Letters of permission will be sent to the respondents and eventually approvals are expected as a response. After a positive response, there will be a planned interview with the managers, supervisors, or representatives from the respondents. Afterwards, data will be gathered, sort out and interpreted with respect to the objectives of this study.

Civil War and Reconstruction Essay

Born September 28, 1941 in Eunice, Louisiana James L. Roark is a Stanford educated historian who has compose countless texts on the Statesn register and the impact of the Ameri kitty Civil warfare, to include The Ameri croupe c any in A History of the United States (2008), No Chariot Let Down Charlestons bounteous People on the Eve of the Civil fight (2001) and Black Masters A Free Family of people of color in the Old Stabooh (1986). He is a currently a Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of American History at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia and working on a documentary on the Confederate States of America .Though I may non gain expected it to be so, this award winning literary piece was actually quite thought provoking and swell- indite in a guidance that reaches far beyond similar works of its time. Roark eloquently bequests a well thought out and well written serial publication of arguments organized in subsections relying dominantly on the drill of primary sources, along the lines of diary entries and personal letters, to display the thoughts and try on the philosophy of Southern planters. He presents the well-researched examination of the impact of Reconstruction and all of its comp wizardnts from secession to emancipation.Though their thoughts and brains, their ideologies ma bear been centralized and immensely directioned on the idea f the plantation, the way in which Roark presents their thoughts and opinions allows the contri saveor to open their minds nearly the process of Reconstruction in a way that allows them to think freely about the mental hospital of slavery in a different way. In the geezerhood of its practicing the de plainly of slavery was presented and lived in tune vision, it was a way of life that was so widespread that there was no way to follow around it and thus no one ever ventured to look.It was a system of detestation and conquering, yes, but it was above all a way of life, making it difficult for m whateve r to have imagined life in any opposite way, thus making southern planters quite nervous to have their system of life story jeopardise by married couple efforts at Reconstruction. The planters, slave masters shared a sense of unity amongst a class of people whom they call backd to be untouchable because for them, their lives as slave masters was all that there was to their identities and without it, how would they cut across to exist.How would they be able to go on having had their way of life threatened and attacked. I enjoyed the way that Roark skint down the process of Reconstruction for the reader in a way that allowed them to more fluidly follow the cartroad secession. He sets forth three periods in his analysis and presentation the planters last to secede, the effects of the Civil War on the planters way of life-on their plantations, and the period of adjustment required to cope with a recent arena and a reformed system, thrust upon them by emancipation.Not altogeth er sadly, the southern planters had made the fall away of forming the thought and eventually believing that the American government was put in place to support and cheer them, to prevent overmuch(prenominal) happenings as emancipation. When they realized that this was in no way true is when they began to recognize, but non at all accept defeat. Over time some were able to cope and another(prenominal)s were not, ultimately relocating to an world that better suited their understanding of the world. The saddest of equitys revealed by Roark in this work is the actual mental processes of the slave owners.They aboveboard felt that slavery was the beaver way to go and that there could or should be nothing else but slavery. at that place was no evidence of guilt on the part of these individuals, no conscious thought or understanding of the hatred and innate inhumane treatment that was eroding the think and to that point completely trumped-up(prenominal) American system of democ racy. All that fielded to these people was the fact that this was and had continuously been the way that they had lived their lives and that way of life was existence threatened by outsiders whom they felt simply could or did not understand the way their system of living worked.These people were fully committed to their lifestyle at all costs and on every level. The institution of slavery was for many all that they knew making it impossible for them to conceive of anything else. They did not feel that they lived in a land that would take the essence of their existence, the ownership of other human beings, away from them and had absolutely no understanding of how others lived outside the institution of slavery because for them slavery was all there was and all that there could ever be. It was the build upon which their entire life, their reason for being, was gear uped.Nothing else could be conceived because nothing else existed, they couldnt even understand poverty and how pat hetic whites were able to function economically forced to live outside f the institution of slavery. Roark presents a event of motherland versus homestead view of the American lifestyle and way of functioning. From reading this work one can deduce that all Americans were any on one of two sides they either erred on the side of the Union and sought unity for their nation as a whole or they erred on the side of the southward and sought the maintenance of their current living situation.Either you were willing to turn away from the life that you had ever known for sake of nationwide unity or you were dead focused on maintaining the life you had al ways known and did not feel should be interrupted. Some may find fault in this homeland versus homestead view but what must be understood is that these were peoples lives they may have been living immorally, this I do not deny, but these were their lives nonetheless and the reader must therefore attempt to understand the rationale behind the division of understanding that is relayed to them within the pages of this work. on that point may be aspects of your life with which others ay find slap-up fault, but it is your life nonetheless and your story thus bears interest in being told. I do not in any way agree with the institution of slavery but I do understand that prior to reading this work a ample pass out of the literature that I have read about the institution of slavery over the years has come from the standpoint of the enslaved not characterisation the ideas or thoughts of those who relied on that enslavement.I am never one to educate excuses especially for improper behavior, hatred and moral relativism, but I am one who prefers to have both sides of every story, no matter how ignorant the one side may be. With this having been said it is clear that although I do not extol of the southern planters views or understandings of the way that the world works, I was able to appreciate the manner in which those un derstandings were portray to the reader by the author of this work. In his use of extensive quotes and personal accounts Roark adds a great deal of in depth analysis of the southern planters thoughts and position to the reader for review.In my opinion this puts literature at its finest to honestly present the material and allow the reader to draw their own conclusions and form their own ideas of the material. It is my view that the reasoning for the slaveholders story never having been told is that there is in literature as in every other aspect of culture a division between the minority and majority standpoint as viewed by the public and unfortunately it is not all too often that the minority standpoint is presented to the authors readership.Slave owners were greatly outnumbered by the slaves that they took ownership over they were able to control these people with the numbers of individuals involved being greatly imbalanced. I, again, do not condone such acts or behaviors, but t hat fact that thousands of slave owners could take wrapped and keep hundreds of thousands of people enslaved bears note. They should ever had owned other human beings but it is important to find out why they owned other human beings what was their thought behind the ownership and forced labor of other man.There were instances throughout history were men were enslaved for payment of debt or loss of battle, but the American institution of slavery was not one of those such instances. This was the forced capture of innocent peoples and the enslavement of those people for the getting of free labor. Thus it bears note to question and present what could have possibly lain on the minds of such individuals that would complete these immoral acts.These people viewed slavery as necessary for the furthering of the American agricultural agenda. No place else could you modernize labor for free and they felt that enslaved labor was not necessarily the only kind but it was the best that no mone y could buy. They honestly didnt feel that they should have had to pay for the labor put to use by force on their lands, they probably figured that they had paid enough having purchased the slaves in the first place.What bears great note is the understanding of these planters views of the world they honestly did not see anything morally wrong or profane with what they were doing. They looked upon the ownership of human beings as business as usual. It was nothing out of the ordinary because it was how they had always lived their lives. This is why they had such difficulty imaging and accepting the idea of emancipation even in the partial tell in which it was enacted, because to them there was no other way but slavery to bring out all the work that America needed done.Emancipation, they felt was thrust upon them, and it challenged not only everything that they knew, but all that they believed could be possible. They lived their lives based on an innate thought of African Americans as inferior beings and thus could not on any level imagine the states of America (because they were not yet united) putting these inferior beings in a position of liberation, the removal of legal and physical restraint, and giving them any of the rights these slave owners believed were set aside for whites only.For these southern planters the very thought of this was inconceivable. Roark presented the battle over emancipation as the revolutionary transformation and struggle that it was intended to be, unable at the time to present the shortcomings that would result from the somewhat failed attempt at liberation of the African American people. There is no presentation of the actual outcome of emancipation because that is not what this work is about.The focus of this work was to underline the deep-seated issues that southern planters had with the very idea of slavery being abolished, its not about how they would later and not long after form a new system of oppression that would keep African Americans enslaved for decades following the intended emancipation. Yes, the slave owners would emerge victorious over the attempt at destroying their way of living because of the fact that the American government failed to redistribute lands to freed peoples, ensuring that the class of planters would still have all of their power because they still ha all of the land.It was not as if the Africans brought to this country and enslaved could now return home, but although this is a very great point, it was not the purpose of this work, and as such this piece should appreciated for the travail that Roark set out to accomplish having been just that, accomplished. Prior to Masters Without Slaves Southern Planters in the Civil War and Reconstruction there was no study exclusively dedicated to the exploration of slave owners view of the world in the days leading up to and surrounding American Reconstruction.There was no one to passing play us a glimpse into the social and moral va lues (or lack thereof) of the class of slave owners present in America at that time which is undoubtedly and without question one of the most critical moments in our nations history. Roark presents the attitudes of the slave owners at the very thought of emancipation and the difficulties that they endured in attempting to adjust to and make a comeback from the acts implemented as a division of Reconstruction.These slave owners were pointed out and told explicitly that their way of life was absolutely wrong and not just that it had to be changed but that it was going to be changed in the very near future whether they standardisedd it or not. This work chronicles their reaction to that knowledge and their planning of a comeback for what they initially perceived as a defeat but later found to be a bright new opportunity.The institution of sharecropping was not altogether the same as the institution of American slavery, but it was not a far cry from the same oppression that slaves had encounterd for years. Roark must be commended for his obvious talent for portraying the truths that not many would desire to recognize and for doing so in such an eloquent manner. He has taken the thoughts of slave owners at the time of American Reconstruction and put it in the face of the reader for consideration of the slave owners thoughts on emancipation and their return from defeat of their lifestyle.The unfortunate truth is that all positives have a negative and along those lines just as there was so much that I enjoyed and appreciated about this work there were also aspects of this piece which I found either fell short or remained unsettled. The greatest issue that I believe may be found in this work as far as I am concerned is that Roark created only one group of planters. There was no distinction presented between ideologies or ideals, he in many ways formed a race, a collective and representative sample consisting all al southern planters.There was no distinction made in the possibility that maybe planters had different ideals coming from different areas of the country. I can understand is view of this matter because for e and clearly for Roark tyranny is tyranny and there can be only two cases of oppression- the oppressor and the oppressed, but from a literary standpoint I do believe that a greater distinction could have been made between the classes of planters and that it would have added a lot to the work.There were also some points in the work that were touched on very lightly in equation to how the themes and ideas could have been developed thus taken some of the effect way from the work itself. Thing like the beginning of the work when Roark speaks about secession, I believe that portion of the work could have been more well developed and if it had been would have likely added a great deal of affect to the already substantial feature of the work. Roark adds exquisite detail to most other portions of the work so to have lightly grazed upon t he display case of secession makes the work, in many ways, appear unfinished and imbalanced.You cannot ask for everything, for every element of a literary work to be present and in perfect condition, but I do feel that this could have added a lot to the aesthetics of the piece. Yet even lacking in these two somewhat full of life elements the book still does not lose its focus in exposing the reader to the thoughts of slave owners in the days leading up to Reconstruction. In this fashion, Roark did much to accomplish all that he set out to do. He presented the reader with an unbiased account of southern planter ideologies as based on their own run-in and thoughts of how they viewed their lives.The author does not add anything to their views or take anything away that could jeopardize the quality of his work. The book was written professionally in the manner expected of Stanford graduate and life-long historian with Roark being careful not to allow his personal views or ideas conce rning the institution of American slavery to cloud his presentation of the evidence, leaving the ultimate decision whether or not to judge completely up to the reader.Roarks distant relation of the materials sets him apart from other historians by making the presentation of the content more interesting and easy to follow. All-in-all a quality experience and fine read. I would recommend this work to others.BibliographyRoark, James L. James L. Roark plane section of History Faculty Webpage. Emory University Department of History. Retrieved 20 April 2009

Human Multi-Tasking

Human multi confinementing is the best surgical procedure by an individual of appearing to handle much than one delegate at the same cartridge holder. The terminal is derived from computer multitasking. An event of multitasking is victorious bid calls temporary hookup typing an email. Some mean that multitasking enkindle resolving power in time wasted due to compassionate context switching and app bently cavictimization more than errors due to insufficient attention. Etymology The term multitasking originated in the computer engineering industry. 1 It refers to the ability of a micro procedureor to app bently mathematical operation several tasks con veritablely. 2 Computer multitasking in single core micro formors actually involves time-sharing the processor tho one task hindquarters actually be active at a time, but tasks be rotated with many a(prenominal) times a second. With multi-core computers, severally core bed come a separate task simultaneously. The f irst published use of the word multitask appeared in an IBM paper describing the capabilities of the IBM System/360 in 1965. 3 editResearch on kind-hearted multitasking Since the 1990s, experimental psychologists have started experiments on the nature and limits of human multitasking. It has been shown multitasking is not as workable as pure times.In general, these studies have disclosed that people show severe interference when evening very simple tasks are performed at the same time, if both tasks require selecting and producing action (e. g. , (Gladstones, Regan & Lee 1989) (Pashler 1994)). Many enquiryers believe that action prep represents a bottleneck, which the human creative thinker can only perform one task at a time. 4 Psychiatrist Edward M. Hallowell5 has gone so far as to describe multitasking as a fabulous activity in which people believe they can perform dickens or more tasks simultaneously as effectively as one. Others have researched multitasking in specific d omains, such as learning. Mayer and Moreno6 have analyse the phenomenon of cognitive load in multimedia learning extensively and have concluded that it is difficult, and possibly hopeless to learn new discipline while engaging in multitasking. Junco and Cotten examined how multitasking affects academic success and comprise that students who engaged in more multitasking reported more problems with their academic work. 7 A more recent guide on the effects of multitasking on academic performance found that using Facebook and text messaging while studying were negatively related to student grades, while online searching and emailing were not 8. editThe understandings role in multitasking Because the brain cannot fully point when multitasking, people take longer to complete tasks and are predisposed to error. When people assay to complete many tasks at one time, or alternate rapidly amid them, errors go way up and it takes far longeroften double the time or moreto ticktock the jobs do than if they were done sequentially, states Meyer. 9 This is largely because the brain is compelled to restart and refocus. 10 A study by Meyer and David Kieras found that in the interim between individually exchange, the brain makes no maturate whatsoever. Therefore, multitasking people not only perform each task less suitably, but lose time in the process. When presented with much information, the brain is forced to respite and refocus continuously as one switches between tasks. 10 Realistically, this is a rapid toggling among tasks rather than simultaneous processing. consort to a study done by Jordan Grafman, chief of the cognitive neuroscience section at the National make of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the most anterior part of the brain allows a person to leave something when its incomplete and return to the same plant and continue from there, while Broadmans Area 10, a part of the brains frontal lobes, is of the essence(predicate) for establishing and a ttaining long term goals. 9 Focusing on multiple dissimilar tasks at once forces the brain to process all activity in its anterior. Though the brain is complex and can perform a uncounted of tasks, it cannot multitask well.Another study by Rene Marois, a psychologist of Vanderbilt University, discovered that the brain exhibits a response selection bottleneck when asked to perform several tasks at once. The brain must then decide which activity is most important, thereby taking more time. Psychologist David Meyer of the University of Michigan claims that, instead of a bottleneck, the brain experiences adaptive decision maker control which places priorities on each activity. These viewpoints differ in that, while bottlenecking attempts to force many thoughts through the brain at once, adaptive executive control prioritizes tasks to maintain resemblance of rder. The brain disclose figures this order and, as psychologists such as Dr. Meyer believe, can therefore be teach to multita sk. 11 Because the brain is an expanse of yet uncharted territory, psychologists do not understand how the brain truly processes input and reacts to overstimulation. Some research suggests that the human brain can be trained to multitask. A study published in Child Development by Monica Luciana, associate professor of psychological science at the University of Minnesota, discovered that the brains capability of categorizing competing information continues to develop until ages sixteen and heptadteen.Perhaps if people are trained to multitask at an early age, they will become efficient at multitasking. A study by Vanderbilt University found that multitasking is largely limited by the speed with which our prefrontal cortex processes information. Paul E. Dux, co-author of the study, believes that this process can become faster through proper training. The research team found that with training, the brain can think and perform certain tasks more quickly, effectively allowing time for another task. The study trained seven people to perform two simple tasks, either separately or together, and conducted brain scans of the participants.The individuals multitasked poorly at first but, with training, were able to adeptly perform the tasks simultaneously. Brain scans of the participants indicate that the prefrontal cortex quickened its ability to process the information, alter the individuals to multitask more efficiently. However, the study also suggests that the brain is in receptive of performing multiple tasks at one time, even after extensive training. 12 This study further indicates that, while the brain can become adept at processing and responding to certain information, it cannot truly multitask.People have a limited ability to retain information, which worsens when the amount of information sum ups. For this reason people alter information to make it more memorable, such as separating a ten-digit phone number into three smaller groups or dividing the alphab et into sets of three to five letters. George Miller, former psychologist at Harvard University, believes the limits to the human brains capacity centers around the number seven, plus or minus two. An illustrative example of this is a test in which a person must repeat numbers racket read aloud.While two or three numbers are easily repeated, shown in the beginning straight line, fifteen numbers becomes more difficult, as the line curves. The person would, on average, repeat seven correctly. 13 Brains are only capable of storing a limited amount of information in their short term memories. This ineffectiveness of the human brain for multitasking has been demonstrated in different studies. 141516 Laboratory based studies of multi-tasking indicate that one motivation for switching between tasks is to increase the time spent on the task that produces the most reward (Payne, Duggan & Neth, 2007).This reward could be progress towards an overall task goal or it could simply be the opportu nity to pursue a more interesting or fun activity. Payne, Duggan and Neth (2007) found that decisions to switch task reflected either the reward provided by the current task or the availability of a suitable opportunity to switch (i. e. the completion of a subgoal). A French fMRI study published in 2010 indicated preliminary support for the hypothesis that the brain can pursue at most two goals simultaneously, one for each frontal lobe (which has a goal-oriented area). 17 editContinuous partial attentionMain condition Continuous partial attention Author Steven Berlin Johnson describes one kind of multitasking It usually involves skimming the surface of the inbound data, picking out the relevant details, and moving on to the next stream. Youre paying attention, but only partially. That lets you cast a wider net, but it also runs the risk of keeping you from really studying the fish. 18 Multimedia open Linda Stone coined the phrase continuous partial attention for this kind of proc essing. 19 Continuous partial attention is multitasking where things do not get studied in depth.Rapidly increasing technology fosters multitasking because it promotes multiple sources of input at a given time. Instead of ex changing old equipment like TV, print, and music, for new equipment such as computers, the Internet, and video games children and teens combine forms of media and continually increase sources of input. 20 According to studies by the Kaiser Family Foundation, in 1999 only 16 percent of time spent using media such as internet, television, video games, telephones, text-messaging, or e-mail was combined.In 2005, 26 percent of the time this media was used together. 11 This increase in media usage decreases the amount of attention paid to each device. Today 82 percent of juvenility use the Internet by the seventh grade, according to the Pew Internet and American Life Project. A 2005 mountain by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that, while their usage of media cont inued at a unbroken 6. 5 hours per day, Americans ages 8 to 18 were crowding roughly 8. 5 hours worth of media into their days due to multitasking.The survey showed that one quarter to one third of the participants have more than one input most of the time while watching television, listening to music, or reading. 9 The 2007 Harvard Business Review featured Linda Stones judgement of continuous partial attention, or, constantly scanning for opportunities and staying on top of contacts, events, and activities in an effort to miss nonentity. 11 As technology provides more distractions, attention is spread among tasks more thinly. A prevalent example of this inadvertence to detail due to multitasking is apparent when people talk on cell phones while driving.Talking and driving are mutually exclusive because focusing on both the conversation and the road uses the same part of the brain. citation needed As a result, people generally become more concerned with their phone conversations and do not slim on their immediate surroundings. A 2006 study published in the Human Factors journal showed that drivers talking on cell phones were more involved in rear-end collisions and sped up slower than drivers intoxicated over the . 08% statutory limit. citation needed When talking, people must withdraw their attention from the road in order to formulate responses.Because the brain cannot focus on two sources of input at one time, driving and listening or talking, constantly changing input provided by cell phones distracts the brain and increases the likelihood of accidents. citation needed editPopular commentary on practical multitasking Multitasking has been criticized as a hindrance to completing tasks or feeling happiness. Barry Schwartz has noted that, given the media-rich landscape of the Internet era, it is tempting to get into a habit of dwelling in a constant sea of information with too many choices, which has been noted to have a negative effect on human happine ss. 21 The idea that women are purify multitaskers than men has been popular in the media. Recently, a study by British psychologist Professor Keith Laws at the University of Hertfordshire was widely reported in the press to have provided the first evidence of female multitasking superiority. 22 A formal research paper has yet to be published. In another study,23 females were found to perform better at organise a primary test with a secondary test (p=0. 007), supporting this notion that females are better at multi-tasking.However, the authors concluded their tests may not reflect real life multi-tasking and that further research was required. Observers of youthfulness in modern society often comment upon the apparently advanced multitasking capabilities of the youngest generations of humans (generation Y and Generation Z). While it is true that contemporary researchers find that youths in todays world exhibit high levels of multitasking, most experts believe that members of the Net Generation are not any better at multitasking than members of older generations. 24 However, recent studies by Bardhi, Rohm, and Sultan argue that Generation Y is becoming better at media multitasking. This is evidenced by the concomitant that they are gaining control over deciding which messages they pay attention to or not. 25 Furthermore, while there is a great deal of evidence showing the negative effects of multitasking on cognitive tasks 26 27 28 29 30, there is no evidence showing that multitasking has a positive or neutral effect on these tasks. **Source WIKIPEDIA (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Human_multitasking)